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\begin_body
\begin_layout Title
Energija prožne vzmeti
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\begin_layout Author
\noun on
Anton Luka Šijanec
\end_layout
\begin_layout Date
16.
november 2022
\end_layout
\begin_layout Abstract
Poročilo tretje vaje pri predmetu
\noun on
F41
\noun default
na Gimnaziji Bežigrad v 4.
letniku.
Vaja je potekala 13.
oktobra 2022.
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\begin_layout Section
Naloga
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
S pomočjo prožne vzmeti poženi leseno klado po vodoravni podlagi in opazuj,
na kakšni poti se ustavi.
Iz meritev določi koeficient vzmeti.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
Koeficient vzmeti določi tudi s pomočjo elektronske merilne tehtnice in
primerjaj obe vredosti.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Potrebščine
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
cev iz pleksi stekla z zatičem
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
vzmet
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
lesena klada
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
silomer
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
merilni trak
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
elektronska tehtnica
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Potek dela
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Izstreljevanje klade
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name "subsec:Izstreljevanje-klade"
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\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Vzmet vstavi v cev iz pleksi stekla in zatič namesti v tako lego, da bo
iz cevi gledalo
\begin_inset Formula $\SI{3}{\centi\meter}$
\end_inset
vzmeti.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Pred vzmet postavi leseno klado in s klado stisni vzmet tako, da bo vsa
v cevi.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Klado spusti in izmeri, kako daleč se premakne (
\begin_inset Formula $s$
\end_inset
).
Meritev ponovi vsaj petkrat.
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Prestavi zatič za eno luknjo tako, da bo iz cevi gledal
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\end_inset
daljši kos vzmeti in ponovno izstreli klado.
Poskus ponavljaj na enak način z različnimi legami zatiča tako, da gleda
pri vsaki naslednji ponovitvi iz cevi
\begin_inset Formula $\SI{1}{\centi\meter}$
\end_inset
daljši del vzmeti.
Vsako meritev petkrat ponovi.
Meritve zaključiš pri tisti dolžini vzmeti, ko klada doseže rob mize.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Nariši graf premika klade po izstrelitvi (
\begin_inset Formula $s$
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\begin_inset Formula $x$
\end_inset
) ter graf
\begin_inset Formula $s(x^{2})$
\end_inset
.
Iz naklona drugega grafa in izmerjene sile trenja izračunaj koeficient
uporabljene vzmeti.
Tako izračunani koeficient primerjaj z vrednostjo, ki si jo dobil pri meritvi
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reference "subsec:Določanje-koeficienta-s-tehtnico"
plural "false"
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.
\begin_inset Formula
\[
m_{\text{{klade}}}=\SI{193}{\gram}
\]
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\begin_inset Formula
\[
m_{\text{{pleksi}}}=\SI{63,6}{\gram}
\]
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\begin_inset Formula
\[
m_{\text{{vzmeti}}}=\SI{13,7}{\gram}
\]
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\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula
\[
l_{\text{{vzmeti}}}=\SI{16,7}{\centi\meter}
\]
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\begin_inset Formula
\[
l_{\text{{pleksi}}}=\SI{25}{\centi\meter}
\]
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\[
l_{\text{{pleksi}}_{\text{{luknja0}}}}=\SI{8}{\centi\meter}
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l_{\text{{pleksi}}_{\text{{\Delta med\ luknjami}}}}=\SI{1}{\centi\meter}
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Vleka klade
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Z elastiko pripni na klado silomer in izmeri silo trenja pri premikanju
klade po mizi.
Oceni napako meritve.
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\begin_inset Formula
\[
F_{\text{{lepenja}}}=\SI{0,9}{\newton}
\]
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\[
F_{\text{{trenja}}}=\SI{0,7}{\newton}
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\[
\overline{{F}}x=E=\frac{{1}}{2}kx^{2}=F_{\text{{trenja}}}s\rightarrow k=2\frac{{F_{\text{{trenja}}}s}}{x^{2}}
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Naklonski kot premice je
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, koeficient vzmeti je torej po zgornji enačbi
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.
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Določanje koeficienta s tehtnico
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Koeficient vzmeti določi še na drug način: vzmet vstavi v cev iz pleksija,
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tehtnico.
Preberi, kaj kaže tehtnica, ko vzmet v cevi samo stoji na tehtnici in koliko,
ko cev pritisneš navzdol, da se vzmet skrči.
Iz obeh odčitanih vrednosti in deformacije vzmeti izračunaj koeficient
vzmeti.
Meritev ponovi za vsaj štiri različne deformacije vzmeti.
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Čeprav je red velikosti na oba načina izmerjenega koeficienta vzmeti enak,
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Lepenje, izmerjeno
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povzroči, da se telo ustavi prej, čeprav tega ne upoštevam pri računanju
energij, zato izgleda, kakor da je bilo vanjo vložene več energije.
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Meritve
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