11 files changed, 190 insertions, 115 deletions

diff --git a/minui/graphics.cpp b/minui/graphics.cpp
index e6367d950..4d1f9b2d2 100644
--- a/minui/graphics.cpp
+++ b/minui/graphics.cpp
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ static uint32_t gr_current = ~0;
 static constexpr uint32_t alpha_mask = 0xff000000;
 
 // gr_draw is owned by backends.
-static const GRSurface* gr_draw = nullptr;
+static GRSurface* gr_draw = nullptr;
 static GRRotation rotation = GRRotation::NONE;
 static PixelFormat pixel_format = PixelFormat::UNKNOWN;
 
@@ -121,28 +121,29 @@ static void incr_y(uint32_t** p, int row_pixels) {
 }
 
 // Returns pixel pointer at given coordinates with rotation adjustment.
-static uint32_t* pixel_at(const GRSurface* surf, int x, int y, int row_pixels) {
+static uint32_t* PixelAt(GRSurface* surface, int x, int y, int row_pixels) {
   switch (rotation) {
     case GRRotation::NONE:
-      return reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(surf->data) + y * row_pixels + x;
+      return reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(surface->data()) + y * row_pixels + x;
     case GRRotation::RIGHT:
-      return reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(surf->data) + x * row_pixels + (surf->width - y);
+      return reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(surface->data()) + x * row_pixels + (surface->width - y);
     case GRRotation::DOWN:
-      return reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(surf->data) + (surf->height - 1 - y) * row_pixels +
-             (surf->width - 1 - x);
+      return reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(surface->data()) + (surface->height - 1 - y) * row_pixels +
+             (surface->width - 1 - x);
     case GRRotation::LEFT:
-      return reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(surf->data) + (surf->height - 1 - x) * row_pixels + y;
+      return reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(surface->data()) + (surface->height - 1 - x) * row_pixels +
+             y;
     default:
       printf("invalid rotation %d", static_cast<int>(rotation));
   }
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-static void text_blend(uint8_t* src_p, int src_row_bytes, uint32_t* dst_p, int dst_row_pixels,
-                       int width, int height) {
+static void TextBlend(const uint8_t* src_p, int src_row_bytes, uint32_t* dst_p, int dst_row_pixels,
+                      int width, int height) {
   uint8_t alpha_current = static_cast<uint8_t>((alpha_mask & gr_current) >> 24);
   for (int j = 0; j < height; ++j) {
-    uint8_t* sx = src_p;
+    const uint8_t* sx = src_p;
     uint32_t* px = dst_p;
     for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i, incr_x(&px, dst_row_pixels)) {
       uint8_t a = *sx++;
@@ -176,18 +177,18 @@ void gr_text(const GRFont* font, int x, int y, const char* s, bool bold) {
     }
 
     int row_pixels = gr_draw->row_bytes / gr_draw->pixel_bytes;
-    uint8_t* src_p = font->texture->data + ((ch - ' ') * font->char_width) +
-                     (bold ? font->char_height * font->texture->row_bytes : 0);
-    uint32_t* dst_p = pixel_at(gr_draw, x, y, row_pixels);
+    const uint8_t* src_p = font->texture->data() + ((ch - ' ') * font->char_width) +
+                           (bold ? font->char_height * font->texture->row_bytes : 0);
+    uint32_t* dst_p = PixelAt(gr_draw, x, y, row_pixels);
 
-    text_blend(src_p, font->texture->row_bytes, dst_p, row_pixels, font->char_width,
-               font->char_height);
+    TextBlend(src_p, font->texture->row_bytes, dst_p, row_pixels, font->char_width,
+              font->char_height);
 
     x += font->char_width;
   }
 }
 
-void gr_texticon(int x, int y, GRSurface* icon) {
+void gr_texticon(int x, int y, const GRSurface* icon) {
   if (icon == nullptr) return;
 
   if (icon->pixel_bytes != 1) {
@@ -201,10 +202,9 @@ void gr_texticon(int x, int y, GRSurface* icon) {
   if (outside(x, y) || outside(x + icon->width - 1, y + icon->height - 1)) return;
 
   int row_pixels = gr_draw->row_bytes / gr_draw->pixel_bytes;
-  uint8_t* src_p = icon->data;
-  uint32_t* dst_p = pixel_at(gr_draw, x, y, row_pixels);
-
-  text_blend(src_p, icon->row_bytes, dst_p, row_pixels, icon->width, icon->height);
+  const uint8_t* src_p = icon->data();
+  uint32_t* dst_p = PixelAt(gr_draw, x, y, row_pixels);
+  TextBlend(src_p, icon->row_bytes, dst_p, row_pixels, icon->width, icon->height);
 }
 
 void gr_color(unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b, unsigned char a) {
@@ -221,9 +221,9 @@ void gr_clear() {
       (gr_current & 0xff) == ((gr_current >> 16) & 0xff) &&
       (gr_current & 0xff) == ((gr_current >> 24) & 0xff) &&
       gr_draw->row_bytes == gr_draw->width * gr_draw->pixel_bytes) {
-    memset(gr_draw->data, gr_current & 0xff, gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes);
+    memset(gr_draw->data(), gr_current & 0xff, gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes);
   } else {
-    uint32_t* px = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(gr_draw->data);
+    uint32_t* px = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(gr_draw->data());
     int row_diff = gr_draw->row_bytes / gr_draw->pixel_bytes - gr_draw->width;
     for (int y = 0; y < gr_draw->height; ++y) {
       for (int x = 0; x < gr_draw->width; ++x) {
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ void gr_fill(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
   if (outside(x1, y1) || outside(x2 - 1, y2 - 1)) return;
 
   int row_pixels = gr_draw->row_bytes / gr_draw->pixel_bytes;
-  uint32_t* p = pixel_at(gr_draw, x1, y1, row_pixels);
+  uint32_t* p = PixelAt(gr_draw, x1, y1, row_pixels);
   uint8_t alpha = static_cast<uint8_t>(((gr_current & alpha_mask) >> 24));
   if (alpha > 0) {
     for (int y = y1; y < y2; ++y) {
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ void gr_fill(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
   }
 }
 
-void gr_blit(GRSurface* source, int sx, int sy, int w, int h, int dx, int dy) {
+void gr_blit(const GRSurface* source, int sx, int sy, int w, int h, int dx, int dy) {
   if (source == nullptr) return;
 
   if (gr_draw->pixel_bytes != source->pixel_bytes) {
@@ -274,11 +274,12 @@ void gr_blit(GRSurface* source, int sx, int sy, int w, int h, int dx, int dy) {
   if (rotation != GRRotation::NONE) {
     int src_row_pixels = source->row_bytes / source->pixel_bytes;
     int row_pixels = gr_draw->row_bytes / gr_draw->pixel_bytes;
-    uint32_t* src_py = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(source->data) + sy * source->row_bytes / 4 + sx;
-    uint32_t* dst_py = pixel_at(gr_draw, dx, dy, row_pixels);
+    const uint32_t* src_py =
+        reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(source->data()) + sy * source->row_bytes / 4 + sx;
+    uint32_t* dst_py = PixelAt(gr_draw, dx, dy, row_pixels);
 
     for (int y = 0; y < h; y += 1) {
-      uint32_t* src_px = src_py;
+      const uint32_t* src_px = src_py;
       uint32_t* dst_px = dst_py;
       for (int x = 0; x < w; x += 1) {
         *dst_px = *src_px++;
@@ -288,8 +289,8 @@ void gr_blit(GRSurface* source, int sx, int sy, int w, int h, int dx, int dy) {
       incr_y(&dst_py, row_pixels);
     }
   } else {
-    unsigned char* src_p = source->data + sy * source->row_bytes + sx * source->pixel_bytes;
-    unsigned char* dst_p = gr_draw->data + dy * gr_draw->row_bytes + dx * gr_draw->pixel_bytes;
+    const uint8_t* src_p = source->data() + sy * source->row_bytes + sx * source->pixel_bytes;
+    uint8_t* dst_p = gr_draw->data() + dy * gr_draw->row_bytes + dx * gr_draw->pixel_bytes;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
       memcpy(dst_p, src_p, w * source->pixel_bytes);
diff --git a/minui/graphics_adf.cpp b/minui/graphics_adf.cpp
index 7439df9ac..6fc193f74 100644
--- a/minui/graphics_adf.cpp
+++ b/minui/graphics_adf.cpp
@@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ int MinuiBackendAdf::SurfaceInit(const drm_mode_modeinfo* mode, GRSurfaceAdf* su
   surf->row_bytes = surf->pitch;
   surf->pixel_bytes = (format == DRM_FORMAT_RGB565) ? 2 : 4;
 
-  surf->data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(
-      mmap(nullptr, surf->pitch * surf->height, PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, surf->fd, surf->offset));
-  if (surf->data == MAP_FAILED) {
+  auto mmapped =
+      mmap(nullptr, surf->pitch * surf->height, PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, surf->fd, surf->offset);
+  if (mmapped == MAP_FAILED) {
     int saved_errno = errno;
     close(surf->fd);
     return -saved_errno;
   }
-
+  surf->mmapped_buffer_ = static_cast<uint8_t*>(mmapped);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -185,7 +185,9 @@ void MinuiBackendAdf::Blank(bool blank) {
 }
 
 void MinuiBackendAdf::SurfaceDestroy(GRSurfaceAdf* surf) {
-  munmap(surf->data, surf->pitch * surf->height);
+  if (surf->mmapped_buffer_) {
+    munmap(surf->mmapped_buffer_, surf->pitch * surf->height);
+  }
   close(surf->fence_fd);
   close(surf->fd);
 }
diff --git a/minui/graphics_adf.h b/minui/graphics_adf.h
index 2f019ed0b..099d32962 100644
--- a/minui/graphics_adf.h
+++ b/minui/graphics_adf.h
@@ -14,21 +14,30 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _GRAPHICS_ADF_H_
-#define _GRAPHICS_ADF_H_
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 #include <adf/adf.h>
 
 #include "graphics.h"
+#include "minui/minui.h"
 
 class GRSurfaceAdf : public GRSurface {
+ public:
+  uint8_t* data() override {
+    return mmapped_buffer_;
+  }
+
  private:
+  friend class MinuiBackendAdf;
+
   int fence_fd;
   int fd;
   __u32 offset;
   __u32 pitch;
 
-  friend class MinuiBackendAdf;
+  uint8_t* mmapped_buffer_{ nullptr };
 };
 
 class MinuiBackendAdf : public MinuiBackend {
@@ -54,5 +63,3 @@ class MinuiBackendAdf : public MinuiBackend {
   unsigned int n_surfaces;
   GRSurfaceAdf surfaces[2];
 };
-
-#endif  // _GRAPHICS_ADF_H_
diff --git a/minui/graphics_drm.cpp b/minui/graphics_drm.cpp
index 630b80180..81b49fd95 100644
--- a/minui/graphics_drm.cpp
+++ b/minui/graphics_drm.cpp
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ void MinuiBackendDrm::Blank(bool blank) {
 void MinuiBackendDrm::DrmDestroySurface(GRSurfaceDrm* surface) {
   if (!surface) return;
 
-  if (surface->data) {
-    munmap(surface->data, surface->row_bytes * surface->height);
+  if (surface->mmapped_buffer_) {
+    munmap(surface->mmapped_buffer_, surface->row_bytes * surface->height);
   }
 
   if (surface->fb_id) {
@@ -172,15 +172,14 @@ GRSurfaceDrm* MinuiBackendDrm::DrmCreateSurface(int width, int height) {
   surface->width = width;
   surface->row_bytes = create_dumb.pitch;
   surface->pixel_bytes = create_dumb.bpp / 8;
-  surface->data = static_cast<unsigned char*>(mmap(nullptr, surface->height * surface->row_bytes,
-                                                   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, drm_fd,
-                                                   map_dumb.offset));
-  if (surface->data == MAP_FAILED) {
+  auto mmapped = mmap(nullptr, surface->height * surface->row_bytes, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                      MAP_SHARED, drm_fd, map_dumb.offset);
+  if (mmapped == MAP_FAILED) {
     perror("mmap() failed");
     DrmDestroySurface(surface);
     return nullptr;
   }
-
+  surface->mmapped_buffer_ = static_cast<uint8_t*>(mmapped);
   return surface;
 }
 
diff --git a/minui/graphics_drm.h b/minui/graphics_drm.h
index 756625b03..f3aad6bfc 100644
--- a/minui/graphics_drm.h
+++ b/minui/graphics_drm.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _GRAPHICS_DRM_H_
-#define _GRAPHICS_DRM_H_
+#pragma once
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
@@ -25,11 +24,17 @@
 #include "minui/minui.h"
 
 class GRSurfaceDrm : public GRSurface {
+ public:
+  uint8_t* data() override {
+    return mmapped_buffer_;
+  }
+
  private:
+  friend class MinuiBackendDrm;
+
   uint32_t fb_id;
   uint32_t handle;
-
-  friend class MinuiBackendDrm;
+  uint8_t* mmapped_buffer_{ nullptr };
 };
 
 class MinuiBackendDrm : public MinuiBackend {
@@ -54,5 +59,3 @@ class MinuiBackendDrm : public MinuiBackend {
   drmModeConnector* main_monitor_connector;
   int drm_fd;
 };
-
-#endif  // _GRAPHICS_DRM_H_
diff --git a/minui/graphics_fbdev.cpp b/minui/graphics_fbdev.cpp
index 746f42aaa..f958d62d4 100644
--- a/minui/graphics_fbdev.cpp
+++ b/minui/graphics_fbdev.cpp
@@ -100,16 +100,16 @@ GRSurface* MinuiBackendFbdev::Init() {
   gr_framebuffer[0].height = vi.yres;
   gr_framebuffer[0].row_bytes = fi.line_length;
   gr_framebuffer[0].pixel_bytes = vi.bits_per_pixel / 8;
-  gr_framebuffer[0].data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(bits);
-  memset(gr_framebuffer[0].data, 0, gr_framebuffer[0].height * gr_framebuffer[0].row_bytes);
+  gr_framebuffer[0].buffer_ = static_cast<uint8_t*>(bits);
+  memset(gr_framebuffer[0].buffer_, 0, gr_framebuffer[0].height * gr_framebuffer[0].row_bytes);
 
   /* check if we can use double buffering */
   if (vi.yres * fi.line_length * 2 <= fi.smem_len) {
     double_buffered = true;
 
-    memcpy(gr_framebuffer + 1, gr_framebuffer, sizeof(GRSurface));
-    gr_framebuffer[1].data =
-        gr_framebuffer[0].data + gr_framebuffer[0].height * gr_framebuffer[0].row_bytes;
+    gr_framebuffer[1] = gr_framebuffer[0];
+    gr_framebuffer[1].buffer_ =
+        gr_framebuffer[0].buffer_ + gr_framebuffer[0].height * gr_framebuffer[0].row_bytes;
 
     gr_draw = gr_framebuffer + 1;
 
@@ -120,16 +120,12 @@ GRSurface* MinuiBackendFbdev::Init() {
     // draw in, and then "flipping" the buffer consists of a
     // memcpy from the buffer we allocated to the framebuffer.
 
-    gr_draw = static_cast<GRSurface*>(malloc(sizeof(GRSurface)));
-    memcpy(gr_draw, gr_framebuffer, sizeof(GRSurface));
-    gr_draw->data = static_cast<unsigned char*>(malloc(gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes));
-    if (!gr_draw->data) {
-      perror("failed to allocate in-memory surface");
-      return nullptr;
-    }
+    gr_draw = new GRSurfaceFbdev;
+    *gr_draw = gr_framebuffer[0];
+    gr_draw->buffer_ = new uint8_t[gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes];
   }
 
-  memset(gr_draw->data, 0, gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes);
+  memset(gr_draw->buffer_, 0, gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes);
   fb_fd = fd;
   SetDisplayedFramebuffer(0);
 
@@ -150,7 +146,7 @@ GRSurface* MinuiBackendFbdev::Flip() {
     SetDisplayedFramebuffer(1 - displayed_buffer);
   } else {
     // Copy from the in-memory surface to the framebuffer.
-    memcpy(gr_framebuffer[0].data, gr_draw->data, gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes);
+    memcpy(gr_framebuffer[0].buffer_, gr_draw->buffer_, gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes);
   }
   return gr_draw;
 }
@@ -160,8 +156,8 @@ MinuiBackendFbdev::~MinuiBackendFbdev() {
   fb_fd = -1;
 
   if (!double_buffered && gr_draw) {
-    free(gr_draw->data);
-    free(gr_draw);
+    delete[] gr_draw->buffer_;
+    delete gr_draw;
   }
   gr_draw = nullptr;
 }
diff --git a/minui/graphics_fbdev.h b/minui/graphics_fbdev.h
index 107e19567..be813dccb 100644
--- a/minui/graphics_fbdev.h
+++ b/minui/graphics_fbdev.h
@@ -14,14 +14,27 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _GRAPHICS_FBDEV_H_
-#define _GRAPHICS_FBDEV_H_
+#pragma once
 
 #include <linux/fb.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 #include "graphics.h"
 #include "minui/minui.h"
 
+class GRSurfaceFbdev : public GRSurface {
+ public:
+  uint8_t* data() override {
+    return buffer_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  friend class MinuiBackendFbdev;
+
+  // Points to the start of the buffer: either the mmap'd framebuffer or one allocated in-memory.
+  uint8_t* buffer_;
+};
+
 class MinuiBackendFbdev : public MinuiBackend {
  public:
   GRSurface* Init() override;
@@ -33,12 +46,10 @@ class MinuiBackendFbdev : public MinuiBackend {
  private:
   void SetDisplayedFramebuffer(unsigned n);
 
-  GRSurface gr_framebuffer[2];
+  GRSurfaceFbdev gr_framebuffer[2];
   bool double_buffered;
-  GRSurface* gr_draw;
+  GRSurfaceFbdev* gr_draw;
   int displayed_buffer;
   fb_var_screeninfo vi;
   int fb_fd;
 };
-
-#endif  // _GRAPHICS_FBDEV_H_
diff --git a/minui/include/minui/minui.h b/minui/include/minui/minui.h
index fa13ecdff..e9bd1c4f1 100644
--- a/minui/include/minui/minui.h
+++ b/minui/include/minui/minui.h
@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _MINUI_H_
-#define _MINUI_H_
+#pragma once
 
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <functional>
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -27,12 +28,31 @@
 // Graphics.
 //
 
-struct GRSurface {
+class GRSurface {
+ public:
+  GRSurface() = default;
+  virtual ~GRSurface();
+
+  // Creates and returns a GRSurface instance for the given data_size. The starting address of the
+  // surface data is aligned to SURFACE_DATA_ALIGNMENT. Returns the created GRSurface instance (in
+  // std::unique_ptr), or nullptr on error.
+  static std::unique_ptr<GRSurface> Create(size_t data_size);
+
+  virtual uint8_t* data() {
+    return data_;
+  }
+
+  const uint8_t* data() const {
+    return const_cast<const uint8_t*>(const_cast<GRSurface*>(this)->data());
+  }
+
   int width;
   int height;
   int row_bytes;
   int pixel_bytes;
-  unsigned char* data;
+
+ private:
+  uint8_t* data_{ nullptr };
 };
 
 struct GRFont {
@@ -75,7 +95,7 @@ void gr_clear();
 void gr_color(unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b, unsigned char a);
 void gr_fill(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);
 
-void gr_texticon(int x, int y, GRSurface* icon);
+void gr_texticon(int x, int y, const GRSurface* icon);
 
 const GRFont* gr_sys_font();
 int gr_init_font(const char* name, GRFont** dest);
@@ -85,7 +105,7 @@ int gr_measure(const GRFont* font, const char* s);
 // Returns -1 if font is nullptr.
 int gr_font_size(const GRFont* font, int* x, int* y);
 
-void gr_blit(GRSurface* source, int sx, int sy, int w, int h, int dx, int dy);
+void gr_blit(const GRSurface* source, int sx, int sy, int w, int h, int dx, int dy);
 unsigned int gr_get_width(const GRSurface* surface);
 unsigned int gr_get_height(const GRSurface* surface);
 
@@ -165,5 +185,3 @@ std::vector<std::string> get_locales_in_png(const std::string& png_name);
 // Free a surface allocated by any of the res_create_*_surface()
 // functions.
 void res_free_surface(GRSurface* surface);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/minui/resources.cpp b/minui/resources.cpp
index 477fbe2a2..c01c1868e 100644
--- a/minui/resources.cpp
+++ b/minui/resources.cpp
@@ -37,18 +37,23 @@
 
 #include "minui/minui.h"
 
-#define SURFACE_DATA_ALIGNMENT 8
-
 static std::string g_resource_dir{ "/res/images" };
 
-static GRSurface* malloc_surface(size_t data_size) {
-    size_t size = sizeof(GRSurface) + data_size + SURFACE_DATA_ALIGNMENT;
-    unsigned char* temp = static_cast<unsigned char*>(malloc(size));
-    if (temp == NULL) return NULL;
-    GRSurface* surface = reinterpret_cast<GRSurface*>(temp);
-    surface->data = temp + sizeof(GRSurface) +
-        (SURFACE_DATA_ALIGNMENT - (sizeof(GRSurface) % SURFACE_DATA_ALIGNMENT));
-    return surface;
+std::unique_ptr<GRSurface> GRSurface::Create(size_t data_size) {
+  static constexpr size_t kSurfaceDataAlignment = 8;
+  std::unique_ptr<GRSurface> result = std::make_unique<GRSurface>();
+  size_t aligned_size =
+      (data_size + kSurfaceDataAlignment - 1) / kSurfaceDataAlignment * kSurfaceDataAlignment;
+  result->data_ = static_cast<uint8_t*>(aligned_alloc(kSurfaceDataAlignment, aligned_size));
+  if (result->data_ == nullptr) return nullptr;
+  return result;
+}
+
+GRSurface::~GRSurface() {
+  if (data_ != nullptr) {
+    free(data_);
+    data_ = nullptr;
+  }
 }
 
 PngHandler::PngHandler(const std::string& name) {
@@ -133,18 +138,18 @@ PngHandler::~PngHandler() {
 // framebuffer pixel format; they need to be modified if the
 // framebuffer format changes (but nothing else should).
 
-// Allocate and return a GRSurface* sufficient for storing an image of
-// the indicated size in the framebuffer pixel format.
-static GRSurface* init_display_surface(png_uint_32 width, png_uint_32 height) {
-    GRSurface* surface = malloc_surface(width * height * 4);
-    if (surface == NULL) return NULL;
+// Allocates and returns a GRSurface* sufficient for storing an image of the indicated size in the
+// framebuffer pixel format.
+static std::unique_ptr<GRSurface> init_display_surface(png_uint_32 width, png_uint_32 height) {
+  std::unique_ptr<GRSurface> surface = GRSurface::Create(width * height * 4);
+  if (!surface) return nullptr;
 
-    surface->width = width;
-    surface->height = height;
-    surface->row_bytes = width * 4;
-    surface->pixel_bytes = 4;
+  surface->width = width;
+  surface->height = height;
+  surface->row_bytes = width * 4;
+  surface->pixel_bytes = 4;
 
-    return surface;
+  return surface;
 }
 
 // Copy 'input_row' to 'output_row', transforming it to the
@@ -202,7 +207,7 @@ int res_create_display_surface(const char* name, GRSurface** pSurface) {
   png_uint_32 width = png_handler.width();
   png_uint_32 height = png_handler.height();
 
-  GRSurface* surface = init_display_surface(width, height);
+  std::unique_ptr<GRSurface> surface = init_display_surface(width, height);
   if (!surface) {
     return -8;
   }
@@ -215,11 +220,11 @@ int res_create_display_surface(const char* name, GRSurface** pSurface) {
   for (png_uint_32 y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
     std::vector<unsigned char> p_row(width * 4);
     png_read_row(png_ptr, p_row.data(), nullptr);
-    transform_rgb_to_draw(p_row.data(), surface->data + y * surface->row_bytes,
+    transform_rgb_to_draw(p_row.data(), surface->data() + y * surface->row_bytes,
                           png_handler.channels(), width);
   }
 
-  *pSurface = surface;
+  *pSurface = surface.release();
 
   return 0;
 }
@@ -272,11 +277,12 @@ int res_create_multi_display_surface(const char* name, int* frames, int* fps,
     goto exit;
   }
   for (int i = 0; i < *frames; ++i) {
-    surface[i] = init_display_surface(width, height / *frames);
-    if (!surface[i]) {
+    auto created_surface = init_display_surface(width, height / *frames);
+    if (!created_surface) {
       result = -8;
       goto exit;
     }
+    surface[i] = created_surface.release();
   }
 
   if (gr_pixel_format() == PixelFormat::ABGR || gr_pixel_format() == PixelFormat::BGRA) {
@@ -287,7 +293,7 @@ int res_create_multi_display_surface(const char* name, int* frames, int* fps,
     std::vector<unsigned char> p_row(width * 4);
     png_read_row(png_ptr, p_row.data(), nullptr);
     int frame = y % *frames;
-    unsigned char* out_row = surface[frame]->data + (y / *frames) * surface[frame]->row_bytes;
+    unsigned char* out_row = surface[frame]->data() + (y / *frames) * surface[frame]->row_bytes;
     transform_rgb_to_draw(p_row.data(), out_row, png_handler.channels(), width);
   }
 
@@ -319,7 +325,7 @@ int res_create_alpha_surface(const char* name, GRSurface** pSurface) {
   png_uint_32 width = png_handler.width();
   png_uint_32 height = png_handler.height();
 
-  GRSurface* surface = malloc_surface(width * height);
+  std::unique_ptr<GRSurface> surface = GRSurface::Create(width * height);
   if (!surface) {
     return -8;
   }
@@ -334,11 +340,11 @@ int res_create_alpha_surface(const char* name, GRSurface** pSurface) {
   }
 
   for (png_uint_32 y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
-    unsigned char* p_row = surface->data + y * surface->row_bytes;
+    unsigned char* p_row = surface->data() + y * surface->row_bytes;
     png_read_row(png_ptr, p_row, nullptr);
   }
 
-  *pSurface = surface;
+  *pSurface = surface.release();
 
   return 0;
 }
@@ -429,7 +435,7 @@ int res_create_localized_alpha_surface(const char* name,
     if (y + 1 + h >= height || matches_locale(loc, locale)) {
       printf("  %20s: %s (%d x %d @ %d)\n", name, loc, w, h, y);
 
-      GRSurface* surface = malloc_surface(w * h);
+      std::unique_ptr<GRSurface> surface = GRSurface::Create(w * h);
       if (!surface) {
         return -8;
       }
@@ -440,10 +446,10 @@ int res_create_localized_alpha_surface(const char* name,
 
       for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i, ++y) {
         png_read_row(png_ptr, row.data(), nullptr);
-        memcpy(surface->data + i * w, row.data(), w);
+        memcpy(surface->data() + i * w, row.data(), w);
       }
 
-      *pSurface = surface;
+      *pSurface = surface.release();
       break;
     }
 
diff --git a/screen_ui.h b/screen_ui.h
index 915288793..861b3605a 100644
--- a/screen_ui.h
+++ b/screen_ui.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 #include "ui.h"
 
 // From minui/minui.h.
-struct GRSurface;
+class GRSurface;
 
 enum class UIElement {
   HEADER,
diff --git a/tests/unit/minui_test.cpp b/tests/unit/minui_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cad6a3d79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/minui_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "minui/minui.h"
+
+TEST(GRSurfaceTest, Create_aligned) {
+  static constexpr size_t kSurfaceDataAlignment = 8;
+  for (size_t data_size = 100; data_size < 128; data_size++) {
+    std::unique_ptr<GRSurface> surface(GRSurface::Create(data_size));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(surface);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(surface->data()) % kSurfaceDataAlignment);
+  }
+}