8 files changed, 116 insertions, 33 deletions

diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp
index d8148e89a..7691cc2ba 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp
@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@ vk::Buffer CreateBuffer(const Device& device, const MemoryAllocator& memory_allo
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
 Buffer::Buffer(BufferCacheRuntime&, VideoCommon::NullBufferParams null_params)
-    : VideoCommon::BufferBase<VideoCore::RasterizerInterface>(null_params) {}
+    : VideoCommon::BufferBase<VideoCore::RasterizerInterface>(null_params), tracker{4096} {}
 
 Buffer::Buffer(BufferCacheRuntime& runtime, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
                VAddr cpu_addr_, u64 size_bytes_)
     : VideoCommon::BufferBase<VideoCore::RasterizerInterface>(rasterizer_, cpu_addr_, size_bytes_),
-      device{&runtime.device}, buffer{
-                                   CreateBuffer(*device, runtime.memory_allocator, SizeBytes())} {
+      device{&runtime.device}, buffer{CreateBuffer(*device, runtime.memory_allocator, SizeBytes())},
+      tracker{SizeBytes()} {
     if (runtime.device.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
         buffer.SetObjectNameEXT(fmt::format("Buffer 0x{:x}", CpuAddr()).c_str());
     }
@@ -355,12 +355,31 @@ bool BufferCacheRuntime::CanReportMemoryUsage() const {
     return device.CanReportMemoryUsage();
 }
 
+void BufferCacheRuntime::TickFrame(VideoCommon::SlotVector<Buffer>& slot_buffers) noexcept {
+    for (auto it = slot_buffers.begin(); it != slot_buffers.end(); it++) {
+        it->ResetUsageTracking();
+    }
+}
+
 void BufferCacheRuntime::Finish() {
     scheduler.Finish();
 }
 
+bool BufferCacheRuntime::CanReorderUpload(const Buffer& buffer,
+                                          std::span<const VideoCommon::BufferCopy> copies) {
+    if (Settings::values.disable_buffer_reorder) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const bool can_use_upload_cmdbuf =
+        std::ranges::all_of(copies, [&](const VideoCommon::BufferCopy& copy) {
+            return !buffer.IsRegionUsed(copy.dst_offset, copy.size);
+        });
+    return can_use_upload_cmdbuf;
+}
+
 void BufferCacheRuntime::CopyBuffer(VkBuffer dst_buffer, VkBuffer src_buffer,
-                                    std::span<const VideoCommon::BufferCopy> copies, bool barrier) {
+                                    std::span<const VideoCommon::BufferCopy> copies, bool barrier,
+                                    bool can_reorder_upload) {
     if (dst_buffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE || src_buffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
         return;
     }
@@ -376,9 +395,18 @@ void BufferCacheRuntime::CopyBuffer(VkBuffer dst_buffer, VkBuffer src_buffer,
         .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
         .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT,
     };
+
     // Measuring a popular game, this number never exceeds the specified size once data is warmed up
     boost::container::small_vector<VkBufferCopy, 8> vk_copies(copies.size());
     std::ranges::transform(copies, vk_copies.begin(), MakeBufferCopy);
+    if (src_buffer == staging_pool.StreamBuf() && can_reorder_upload) {
+        scheduler.RecordWithUploadBuffer([src_buffer, dst_buffer, vk_copies](
+                                             vk::CommandBuffer, vk::CommandBuffer upload_cmdbuf) {
+            upload_cmdbuf.CopyBuffer(src_buffer, dst_buffer, vk_copies);
+        });
+        return;
+    }
+
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
     scheduler.Record([src_buffer, dst_buffer, vk_copies, barrier](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         if (barrier) {
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h
index 95446c732..4416a902f 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache_base.h"
 #include "video_core/buffer_cache/memory_tracker_base.h"
+#include "video_core/buffer_cache/usage_tracker.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.h"
@@ -34,6 +35,18 @@ public:
         return *buffer;
     }
 
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsRegionUsed(u64 offset, u64 size) const noexcept {
+        return tracker.IsUsed(offset, size);
+    }
+
+    void MarkUsage(u64 offset, u64 size) noexcept {
+        tracker.Track(offset, size);
+    }
+
+    void ResetUsageTracking() noexcept {
+        tracker.Reset();
+    }
+
     operator VkBuffer() const noexcept {
         return *buffer;
     }
@@ -49,6 +62,7 @@ private:
     const Device* device{};
     vk::Buffer buffer;
     std::vector<BufferView> views;
+    VideoCommon::UsageTracker tracker;
 };
 
 class QuadArrayIndexBuffer;
@@ -67,6 +81,8 @@ public:
                                 ComputePassDescriptorQueue& compute_pass_descriptor_queue,
                                 DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool);
 
+    void TickFrame(VideoCommon::SlotVector<Buffer>& slot_buffers) noexcept;
+
     void Finish();
 
     u64 GetDeviceLocalMemory() const;
@@ -79,12 +95,15 @@ public:
 
     [[nodiscard]] StagingBufferRef DownloadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred = false);
 
+    bool CanReorderUpload(const Buffer& buffer, std::span<const VideoCommon::BufferCopy> copies);
+
     void FreeDeferredStagingBuffer(StagingBufferRef& ref);
 
     void PreCopyBarrier();
 
     void CopyBuffer(VkBuffer src_buffer, VkBuffer dst_buffer,
-                    std::span<const VideoCommon::BufferCopy> copies, bool barrier = true);
+                    std::span<const VideoCommon::BufferCopy> copies, bool barrier,
+                    bool can_reorder_upload = false);
 
     void PostCopyBarrier();
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.cpp
index 6b288b994..ac8b6e838 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.cpp
@@ -100,12 +100,14 @@ void MasterSemaphore::Wait(u64 tick) {
     Refresh();
 }
 
-VkResult MasterSemaphore::SubmitQueue(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf, VkSemaphore signal_semaphore,
-                                      VkSemaphore wait_semaphore, u64 host_tick) {
+VkResult MasterSemaphore::SubmitQueue(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf, vk::CommandBuffer& upload_cmdbuf,
+                                      VkSemaphore signal_semaphore, VkSemaphore wait_semaphore,
+                                      u64 host_tick) {
     if (semaphore) {
-        return SubmitQueueTimeline(cmdbuf, signal_semaphore, wait_semaphore, host_tick);
+        return SubmitQueueTimeline(cmdbuf, upload_cmdbuf, signal_semaphore, wait_semaphore,
+                                   host_tick);
     } else {
-        return SubmitQueueFence(cmdbuf, signal_semaphore, wait_semaphore, host_tick);
+        return SubmitQueueFence(cmdbuf, upload_cmdbuf, signal_semaphore, wait_semaphore, host_tick);
     }
 }
 
@@ -115,6 +117,7 @@ static constexpr std::array<VkPipelineStageFlags, 2> wait_stage_masks{
 };
 
 VkResult MasterSemaphore::SubmitQueueTimeline(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf,
+                                              vk::CommandBuffer& upload_cmdbuf,
                                               VkSemaphore signal_semaphore,
                                               VkSemaphore wait_semaphore, u64 host_tick) {
     const VkSemaphore timeline_semaphore = *semaphore;
@@ -123,6 +126,8 @@ VkResult MasterSemaphore::SubmitQueueTimeline(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf,
     const std::array signal_values{host_tick, u64(0)};
     const std::array signal_semaphores{timeline_semaphore, signal_semaphore};
 
+    const std::array cmdbuffers{*upload_cmdbuf, *cmdbuf};
+
     const u32 num_wait_semaphores = wait_semaphore ? 1 : 0;
     const VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo timeline_si{
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TIMELINE_SEMAPHORE_SUBMIT_INFO,
@@ -138,8 +143,8 @@ VkResult MasterSemaphore::SubmitQueueTimeline(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf,
         .waitSemaphoreCount = num_wait_semaphores,
         .pWaitSemaphores = &wait_semaphore,
         .pWaitDstStageMask = wait_stage_masks.data(),
-        .commandBufferCount = 1,
-        .pCommandBuffers = cmdbuf.address(),
+        .commandBufferCount = static_cast<u32>(cmdbuffers.size()),
+        .pCommandBuffers = cmdbuffers.data(),
         .signalSemaphoreCount = num_signal_semaphores,
         .pSignalSemaphores = signal_semaphores.data(),
     };
@@ -147,19 +152,23 @@ VkResult MasterSemaphore::SubmitQueueTimeline(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf,
     return device.GetGraphicsQueue().Submit(submit_info);
 }
 
-VkResult MasterSemaphore::SubmitQueueFence(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf, VkSemaphore signal_semaphore,
-                                           VkSemaphore wait_semaphore, u64 host_tick) {
+VkResult MasterSemaphore::SubmitQueueFence(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf,
+                                           vk::CommandBuffer& upload_cmdbuf,
+                                           VkSemaphore signal_semaphore, VkSemaphore wait_semaphore,
+                                           u64 host_tick) {
     const u32 num_signal_semaphores = signal_semaphore ? 1 : 0;
     const u32 num_wait_semaphores = wait_semaphore ? 1 : 0;
 
+    const std::array cmdbuffers{*upload_cmdbuf, *cmdbuf};
+
     const VkSubmitInfo submit_info{
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
         .waitSemaphoreCount = num_wait_semaphores,
         .pWaitSemaphores = &wait_semaphore,
         .pWaitDstStageMask = wait_stage_masks.data(),
-        .commandBufferCount = 1,
-        .pCommandBuffers = cmdbuf.address(),
+        .commandBufferCount = static_cast<u32>(cmdbuffers.size()),
+        .pCommandBuffers = cmdbuffers.data(),
         .signalSemaphoreCount = num_signal_semaphores,
         .pSignalSemaphores = &signal_semaphore,
     };
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.h
index 3f599d7bd..7dfb93ffb 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.h
@@ -52,14 +52,16 @@ public:
     void Wait(u64 tick);
 
     /// Submits the device graphics queue, updating the tick as necessary
-    VkResult SubmitQueue(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf, VkSemaphore signal_semaphore,
-                         VkSemaphore wait_semaphore, u64 host_tick);
+    VkResult SubmitQueue(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf, vk::CommandBuffer& upload_cmdbuf,
+                         VkSemaphore signal_semaphore, VkSemaphore wait_semaphore, u64 host_tick);
 
 private:
-    VkResult SubmitQueueTimeline(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf, VkSemaphore signal_semaphore,
-                                 VkSemaphore wait_semaphore, u64 host_tick);
-    VkResult SubmitQueueFence(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf, VkSemaphore signal_semaphore,
-                              VkSemaphore wait_semaphore, u64 host_tick);
+    VkResult SubmitQueueTimeline(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf, vk::CommandBuffer& upload_cmdbuf,
+                                 VkSemaphore signal_semaphore, VkSemaphore wait_semaphore,
+                                 u64 host_tick);
+    VkResult SubmitQueueFence(vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf, vk::CommandBuffer& upload_cmdbuf,
+                              VkSemaphore signal_semaphore, VkSemaphore wait_semaphore,
+                              u64 host_tick);
 
     void WaitThread(std::stop_token token);
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.cpp
index 3be7837f4..f1a9406ce 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.cpp
@@ -22,11 +22,12 @@ namespace Vulkan {
 
 MICROPROFILE_DECLARE(Vulkan_WaitForWorker);
 
-void Scheduler::CommandChunk::ExecuteAll(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+void Scheduler::CommandChunk::ExecuteAll(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf,
+                                         vk::CommandBuffer upload_cmdbuf) {
     auto command = first;
     while (command != nullptr) {
         auto next = command->GetNext();
-        command->Execute(cmdbuf);
+        command->Execute(cmdbuf, upload_cmdbuf);
         command->~Command();
         command = next;
     }
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ void Scheduler::WorkerThread(std::stop_token stop_token) {
             // Perform the work, tracking whether the chunk was a submission
             // before executing.
             const bool has_submit = work->HasSubmit();
-            work->ExecuteAll(current_cmdbuf);
+            work->ExecuteAll(current_cmdbuf, current_upload_cmdbuf);
 
             // If the chunk was a submission, reallocate the command buffer.
             if (has_submit) {
@@ -205,6 +206,13 @@ void Scheduler::AllocateWorkerCommandBuffer() {
         .flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT,
         .pInheritanceInfo = nullptr,
     });
+    current_upload_cmdbuf = vk::CommandBuffer(command_pool->Commit(), device.GetDispatchLoader());
+    current_upload_cmdbuf.Begin({
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
+        .pNext = nullptr,
+        .flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT,
+        .pInheritanceInfo = nullptr,
+    });
 }
 
 u64 Scheduler::SubmitExecution(VkSemaphore signal_semaphore, VkSemaphore wait_semaphore) {
@@ -212,7 +220,9 @@ u64 Scheduler::SubmitExecution(VkSemaphore signal_semaphore, VkSemaphore wait_se
     InvalidateState();
 
     const u64 signal_value = master_semaphore->NextTick();
-    Record([signal_semaphore, wait_semaphore, signal_value, this](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+    RecordWithUploadBuffer([signal_semaphore, wait_semaphore, signal_value,
+                            this](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf, vk::CommandBuffer upload_cmdbuf) {
+        upload_cmdbuf.End();
         cmdbuf.End();
 
         if (on_submit) {
@@ -221,7 +231,7 @@ u64 Scheduler::SubmitExecution(VkSemaphore signal_semaphore, VkSemaphore wait_se
 
         std::scoped_lock lock{submit_mutex};
         switch (const VkResult result = master_semaphore->SubmitQueue(
-                    cmdbuf, signal_semaphore, wait_semaphore, signal_value)) {
+                    cmdbuf, upload_cmdbuf, signal_semaphore, wait_semaphore, signal_value)) {
         case VK_SUCCESS:
             break;
         case VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST:
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h
index da03803aa..f8d8ca80a 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@ public:
 
     /// Send work to a separate thread.
     template <typename T>
-    void Record(T&& command) {
+        requires std::is_invocable_v<T, vk::CommandBuffer, vk::CommandBuffer>
+    void RecordWithUploadBuffer(T&& command) {
         if (chunk->Record(command)) {
             return;
         }
@@ -88,6 +89,15 @@ public:
         (void)chunk->Record(command);
     }
 
+    template <typename T>
+        requires std::is_invocable_v<T, vk::CommandBuffer>
+    void Record(T&& c) {
+        this->RecordWithUploadBuffer(
+            [command = std::move(c)](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf, vk::CommandBuffer) {
+                command(cmdbuf);
+            });
+    }
+
     /// Returns the current command buffer tick.
     [[nodiscard]] u64 CurrentTick() const noexcept {
         return master_semaphore->CurrentTick();
@@ -119,7 +129,7 @@ private:
     public:
         virtual ~Command() = default;
 
-        virtual void Execute(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) const = 0;
+        virtual void Execute(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf, vk::CommandBuffer upload_cmdbuf) const = 0;
 
         Command* GetNext() const {
             return next;
@@ -142,8 +152,8 @@ private:
         TypedCommand(TypedCommand&&) = delete;
         TypedCommand& operator=(TypedCommand&&) = delete;
 
-        void Execute(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) const override {
-            command(cmdbuf);
+        void Execute(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf, vk::CommandBuffer upload_cmdbuf) const override {
+            command(cmdbuf, upload_cmdbuf);
         }
 
     private:
@@ -152,7 +162,7 @@ private:
 
     class CommandChunk final {
     public:
-        void ExecuteAll(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf);
+        void ExecuteAll(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf, vk::CommandBuffer upload_cmdbuf);
 
         template <typename T>
         bool Record(T& command) {
@@ -228,6 +238,7 @@ private:
     VideoCommon::QueryCacheBase<QueryCacheParams>* query_cache = nullptr;
 
     vk::CommandBuffer current_cmdbuf;
+    vk::CommandBuffer current_upload_cmdbuf;
 
     std::unique_ptr<CommandChunk> chunk;
     std::function<void()> on_submit;
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_smaa.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_smaa.cpp
index 5efd7d66e..70644ea82 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_smaa.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_smaa.cpp
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ void SMAA::UploadImages(Scheduler& scheduler) {
     UploadImage(m_device, m_allocator, scheduler, m_static_images[Search], search_extent,
                 VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM, ARRAY_TO_SPAN(searchTexBytes));
 
-    scheduler.Record([&](vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf) {
+    scheduler.Record([&](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         for (auto& images : m_dynamic_images) {
             for (size_t i = 0; i < MaxDynamicImage; i++) {
                 ClearColorImage(cmdbuf, *images.images[i]);
@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ VkImageView SMAA::Draw(Scheduler& scheduler, size_t image_index, VkImage source_
     UpdateDescriptorSets(source_image_view, image_index);
 
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-    scheduler.Record([=, this](vk::CommandBuffer& cmdbuf) {
+    scheduler.Record([=, this](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         TransitionImageLayout(cmdbuf, source_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);
         TransitionImageLayout(cmdbuf, edges_image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);
         BeginRenderPass(cmdbuf, m_renderpasses[EdgeDetection], edge_detection_framebuffer,
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.h
index d3deb9072..f63a20327 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.h
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ public:
     StagingBufferRef Request(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred = false);
     void FreeDeferred(StagingBufferRef& ref);
 
+    [[nodiscard]] VkBuffer StreamBuf() const noexcept {
+        return *stream_buffer;
+    }
+
     void TickFrame();
 
 private: