// Copyright 2014 Citra Emulator Project
// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
// Refer to the license.txt file included.
#pragma once
#include <cstddef>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include "common/common_types.h"
namespace Common {
struct PageTable;
}
namespace Core {
class System;
}
namespace Kernel {
class PhysicalMemory;
class Process;
} // namespace Kernel
namespace Core::Memory {
/**
* Page size used by the ARM architecture. This is the smallest granularity with which memory can
* be mapped.
*/
constexpr std::size_t PAGE_BITS = 12;
constexpr u64 PAGE_SIZE = 1ULL << PAGE_BITS;
constexpr u64 PAGE_MASK = PAGE_SIZE - 1;
/// Virtual user-space memory regions
enum : VAddr {
/// TLS (Thread-Local Storage) related.
TLS_ENTRY_SIZE = 0x200,
/// Application stack
DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE = 0x100000,
/// Kernel Virtual Address Range
KERNEL_REGION_VADDR = 0xFFFFFF8000000000,
KERNEL_REGION_SIZE = 0x7FFFE00000,
KERNEL_REGION_END = KERNEL_REGION_VADDR + KERNEL_REGION_SIZE,
};
/// Central class that handles all memory operations and state.
class Memory {
public:
explicit Memory(Core::System& system);
~Memory();
Memory(const Memory&) = delete;
Memory& operator=(const Memory&) = delete;
Memory(Memory&&) = default;
Memory& operator=(Memory&&) = default;
/**
* Resets the state of the Memory system.
*/
void Reset();
/**
* Changes the currently active page table to that of the given process instance.
*
* @param process The process to use the page table of.
*/
void SetCurrentPageTable(Kernel::Process& process, u32 core_id);
/**
* Maps an allocated buffer onto a region of the emulated process address space.
*
* @param page_table The page table of the emulated process.
* @param base The address to start mapping at. Must be page-aligned.
* @param size The amount of bytes to map. Must be page-aligned.
* @param target Buffer with the memory backing the mapping. Must be of length at least
* `size`.
*/
void MapMemoryRegion(Common::PageTable& page_table, VAddr base, u64 size, PAddr target);
/**
* Unmaps a region of the emulated process address space.
*
* @param page_table The page table of the emulated process.
* @param base The address to begin unmapping at.
* @param size The amount of bytes to unmap.
*/
void UnmapRegion(Common::PageTable& page_table, VAddr base, u64 size);
/**
* Checks whether or not the supplied address is a valid virtual
* address for the given process.
*
* @param process The emulated process to check the address against.
* @param vaddr The virtual address to check the validity of.
*
* @returns True if the given virtual address is valid, false otherwise.
*/
bool IsValidVirtualAddress(const Kernel::Process& process, VAddr vaddr) const;
/**
* Checks whether or not the supplied address is a valid virtual
* address for the current process.
*
* @param vaddr The virtual address to check the validity of.
*
* @returns True if the given virtual address is valid, false otherwise.
*/
bool IsValidVirtualAddress(VAddr vaddr) const;
/**
* Gets a pointer to the given address.
*
* @param vaddr Virtual address to retrieve a pointer to.
*
* @returns The pointer to the given address, if the address is valid.
* If the address is not valid, nullptr will be returned.
*/
u8* GetPointer(VAddr vaddr);
/**
* Gets a pointer to the start of a kernel heap allocated memory region. Will allocate one if it
* does not already exist.
*
* @param start_vaddr Start virtual address for the memory region.
* @param size Size of the memory region.
*/
u8* GetKernelBuffer(VAddr start_vaddr, size_t size);
template <typename T>
T* GetPointer(VAddr vaddr) {
return reinterpret_cast<T*>(GetPointer(vaddr));
}
/**
* Gets a pointer to the given address.
*
* @param vaddr Virtual address to retrieve a pointer to.
*
* @returns The pointer to the given address, if the address is valid.
* If the address is not valid, nullptr will be returned.
*/
const u8* GetPointer(VAddr vaddr) const;
template <typename T>
const T* GetPointer(VAddr vaddr) const {
return reinterpret_cast<T*>(GetPointer(vaddr));
}
/**
* Reads an 8-bit unsigned value from the current process' address space
* at the given virtual address.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to read the 8-bit value from.
*
* @returns the read 8-bit unsigned value.
*/
u8 Read8(VAddr addr);
/**
* Reads a 16-bit unsigned value from the current process' address space
* at the given virtual address.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to read the 16-bit value from.
*
* @returns the read 16-bit unsigned value.
*/
u16 Read16(VAddr addr);
/**
* Reads a 32-bit unsigned value from the current process' address space
* at the given virtual address.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to read the 32-bit value from.
*
* @returns the read 32-bit unsigned value.
*/
u32 Read32(VAddr addr);
/**
* Reads a 64-bit unsigned value from the current process' address space
* at the given virtual address.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to read the 64-bit value from.
*
* @returns the read 64-bit value.
*/
u64 Read64(VAddr addr);
/**
* Writes an 8-bit unsigned integer to the given virtual address in
* the current process' address space.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to write the 8-bit unsigned integer to.
* @param data The 8-bit unsigned integer to write to the given virtual address.
*
* @post The memory at the given virtual address contains the specified data value.
*/
void Write8(VAddr addr, u8 data);
/**
* Writes a 16-bit unsigned integer to the given virtual address in
* the current process' address space.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to write the 16-bit unsigned integer to.
* @param data The 16-bit unsigned integer to write to the given virtual address.
*
* @post The memory range [addr, sizeof(data)) contains the given data value.
*/
void Write16(VAddr addr, u16 data);
/**
* Writes a 32-bit unsigned integer to the given virtual address in
* the current process' address space.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to write the 32-bit unsigned integer to.
* @param data The 32-bit unsigned integer to write to the given virtual address.
*
* @post The memory range [addr, sizeof(data)) contains the given data value.
*/
void Write32(VAddr addr, u32 data);
/**
* Writes a 64-bit unsigned integer to the given virtual address in
* the current process' address space.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to write the 64-bit unsigned integer to.
* @param data The 64-bit unsigned integer to write to the given virtual address.
*
* @post The memory range [addr, sizeof(data)) contains the given data value.
*/
void Write64(VAddr addr, u64 data);
/**
* Writes a 8-bit unsigned integer to the given virtual address in
* the current process' address space if and only if the address contains
* the expected value. This operation is atomic.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to write the 8-bit unsigned integer to.
* @param data The 8-bit unsigned integer to write to the given virtual address.
* @param expected The 8-bit unsigned integer to check against the given virtual address.
*
* @post The memory range [addr, sizeof(data)) contains the given data value.
*/
bool WriteExclusive8(VAddr addr, u8 data, u8 expected);
/**
* Writes a 16-bit unsigned integer to the given virtual address in
* the current process' address space if and only if the address contains
* the expected value. This operation is atomic.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to write the 16-bit unsigned integer to.
* @param data The 16-bit unsigned integer to write to the given virtual address.
* @param expected The 16-bit unsigned integer to check against the given virtual address.
*
* @post The memory range [addr, sizeof(data)) contains the given data value.
*/
bool WriteExclusive16(VAddr addr, u16 data, u16 expected);
/**
* Writes a 32-bit unsigned integer to the given virtual address in
* the current process' address space if and only if the address contains
* the expected value. This operation is atomic.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to write the 32-bit unsigned integer to.
* @param data The 32-bit unsigned integer to write to the given virtual address.
* @param expected The 32-bit unsigned integer to check against the given virtual address.
*
* @post The memory range [addr, sizeof(data)) contains the given data value.
*/
bool WriteExclusive32(VAddr addr, u32 data, u32 expected);
/**
* Writes a 64-bit unsigned integer to the given virtual address in
* the current process' address space if and only if the address contains
* the expected value. This operation is atomic.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to write the 64-bit unsigned integer to.
* @param data The 64-bit unsigned integer to write to the given virtual address.
* @param expected The 64-bit unsigned integer to check against the given virtual address.
*
* @post The memory range [addr, sizeof(data)) contains the given data value.
*/
bool WriteExclusive64(VAddr addr, u64 data, u64 expected);
/**
* Writes a 128-bit unsigned integer to the given virtual address in
* the current process' address space if and only if the address contains
* the expected value. This operation is atomic.
*
* @param addr The virtual address to write the 128-bit unsigned integer to.
* @param data The 128-bit unsigned integer to write to the given virtual address.
* @param expected The 128-bit unsigned integer to check against the given virtual address.
*
* @post The memory range [addr, sizeof(data)) contains the given data value.
*/
bool WriteExclusive128(VAddr addr, u128 data, u128 expected);
/**
* Reads a null-terminated string from the given virtual address.
* This function will continually read characters until either:
*
* - A null character ('\0') is reached.
* - max_length characters have been read.
*
* @note The final null-terminating character (if found) is not included
* in the returned string.
*
* @param vaddr The address to begin reading the string from.
* @param max_length The maximum length of the string to read in characters.
*
* @returns The read string.
*/
std::string ReadCString(VAddr vaddr, std::size_t max_length);
/**
* Reads a contiguous block of bytes from a specified process' address space.
*
* @param process The process to read the data from.
* @param src_addr The virtual address to begin reading from.
* @param dest_buffer The buffer to place the read bytes into.
* @param size The amount of data to read, in bytes.
*
* @note If a size of 0 is specified, then this function reads nothing and
* no attempts to access memory are made at all.
*
* @pre dest_buffer must be at least size bytes in length, otherwise a
* buffer overrun will occur.
*
* @post The range [dest_buffer, size) contains the read bytes from the
* process' address space.
*/
void ReadBlock(const Kernel::Process& process, VAddr src_addr, void* dest_buffer,
std::size_t size);
/**
* Reads a contiguous block of bytes from a specified process' address space.
* This unsafe version does not trigger GPU flushing.
*
* @param process The process to read the data from.
* @param src_addr The virtual address to begin reading from.
* @param dest_buffer The buffer to place the read bytes into.
* @param size The amount of data to read, in bytes.
*
* @note If a size of 0 is specified, then this function reads nothing and
* no attempts to access memory are made at all.
*
* @pre dest_buffer must be at least size bytes in length, otherwise a
* buffer overrun will occur.
*
* @post The range [dest_buffer, size) contains the read bytes from the
* process' address space.
*/
void ReadBlockUnsafe(const Kernel::Process& process, VAddr src_addr, void* dest_buffer,
std::size_t size);
/**
* Reads a contiguous block of bytes from the current process' address space.
*
* @param src_addr The virtual address to begin reading from.
* @param dest_buffer The buffer to place the read bytes into.
* @param size The amount of data to read, in bytes.
*
* @note If a size of 0 is specified, then this function reads nothing and
* no attempts to access memory are made at all.
*
* @pre dest_buffer must be at least size bytes in length, otherwise a
* buffer overrun will occur.
*
* @post The range [dest_buffer, size) contains the read bytes from the
* current process' address space.
*/
void ReadBlock(VAddr src_addr, void* dest_buffer, std::size_t size);
/**
* Reads a contiguous block of bytes from the current process' address space.
* This unsafe version does not trigger GPU flushing.
*
* @param src_addr The virtual address to begin reading from.
* @param dest_buffer The buffer to place the read bytes into.
* @param size The amount of data to read, in bytes.
*
* @note If a size of 0 is specified, then this function reads nothing and
* no attempts to access memory are made at all.
*
* @pre dest_buffer must be at least size bytes in length, otherwise a
* buffer overrun will occur.
*
* @post The range [dest_buffer, size) contains the read bytes from the
* current process' address space.
*/
void ReadBlockUnsafe(VAddr src_addr, void* dest_buffer, std::size_t size);
/**
* Writes a range of bytes into a given process' address space at the specified
* virtual address.
*
* @param process The process to write data into the address space of.
* @param dest_addr The destination virtual address to begin writing the data at.
* @param src_buffer The data to write into the process' address space.
* @param size The size of the data to write, in bytes.
*
* @post The address range [dest_addr, size) in the process' address space
* contains the data that was within src_buffer.
*
* @post If an attempt is made to write into an unmapped region of memory, the writes
* will be ignored and an error will be logged.
*
* @post If a write is performed into a region of memory that is considered cached
* rasterizer memory, will cause the currently active rasterizer to be notified
* and will mark that region as invalidated to caches that the active
* graphics backend may be maintaining over the course of execution.
*/
void WriteBlock(const Kernel::Process& process, VAddr dest_addr, const void* src_buffer,
std::size_t size);
/**
* Writes a range of bytes into a given process' address space at the specified
* virtual address.
* This unsafe version does not invalidate GPU Memory.
*
* @param process The process to write data into the address space of.
* @param dest_addr The destination virtual address to begin writing the data at.
* @param src_buffer The data to write into the process' address space.
* @param size The size of the data to write, in bytes.
*
* @post The address range [dest_addr, size) in the process' address space
* contains the data that was within src_buffer.
*
* @post If an attempt is made to write into an unmapped region of memory, the writes
* will be ignored and an error will be logged.
*
*/
void WriteBlockUnsafe(const Kernel::Process& process, VAddr dest_addr, const void* src_buffer,
std::size_t size);
/**
* Writes a range of bytes into the current process' address space at the specified
* virtual address.
*
* @param dest_addr The destination virtual address to begin writing the data at.
* @param src_buffer The data to write into the current process' address space.
* @param size The size of the data to write, in bytes.
*
* @post The address range [dest_addr, size) in the current process' address space
* contains the data that was within src_buffer.
*
* @post If an attempt is made to write into an unmapped region of memory, the writes
* will be ignored and an error will be logged.
*
* @post If a write is performed into a region of memory that is considered cached
* rasterizer memory, will cause the currently active rasterizer to be notified
* and will mark that region as invalidated to caches that the active
* graphics backend may be maintaining over the course of execution.
*/
void WriteBlock(VAddr dest_addr, const void* src_buffer, std::size_t size);
/**
* Writes a range of bytes into the current process' address space at the specified
* virtual address.
* This unsafe version does not invalidate GPU Memory.
*
* @param dest_addr The destination virtual address to begin writing the data at.
* @param src_buffer The data to write into the current process' address space.
* @param size The size of the data to write, in bytes.
*
* @post The address range [dest_addr, size) in the current process' address space
* contains the data that was within src_buffer.
*
* @post If an attempt is made to write into an unmapped region of memory, the writes
* will be ignored and an error will be logged.
*
*/
void WriteBlockUnsafe(VAddr dest_addr, const void* src_buffer, std::size_t size);
/**
* Fills the specified address range within a process' address space with zeroes.
*
* @param process The process that will have a portion of its memory zeroed out.
* @param dest_addr The starting virtual address of the range to zero out.
* @param size The size of the address range to zero out, in bytes.
*
* @post The range [dest_addr, size) within the process' address space is
* filled with zeroes.
*/
void ZeroBlock(const Kernel::Process& process, VAddr dest_addr, std::size_t size);
/**
* Fills the specified address range within the current process' address space with zeroes.
*
* @param dest_addr The starting virtual address of the range to zero out.
* @param size The size of the address range to zero out, in bytes.
*
* @post The range [dest_addr, size) within the current process' address space is
* filled with zeroes.
*/
void ZeroBlock(VAddr dest_addr, std::size_t size);
/**
* Copies data within a process' address space to another location within the
* same address space.
*
* @param process The process that will have data copied within its address space.
* @param dest_addr The destination virtual address to begin copying the data into.
* @param src_addr The source virtual address to begin copying the data from.
* @param size The size of the data to copy, in bytes.
*
* @post The range [dest_addr, size) within the process' address space contains the
* same data within the range [src_addr, size).
*/
void CopyBlock(const Kernel::Process& process, VAddr dest_addr, VAddr src_addr,
std::size_t size);
/**
* Copies data within the current process' address space to another location within the
* same address space.
*
* @param dest_addr The destination virtual address to begin copying the data into.
* @param src_addr The source virtual address to begin copying the data from.
* @param size The size of the data to copy, in bytes.
*
* @post The range [dest_addr, size) within the current process' address space
* contains the same data within the range [src_addr, size).
*/
void CopyBlock(VAddr dest_addr, VAddr src_addr, std::size_t size);
/**
* Marks each page within the specified address range as cached or uncached.
*
* @param vaddr The virtual address indicating the start of the address range.
* @param size The size of the address range in bytes.
* @param cached Whether or not any pages within the address range should be
* marked as cached or uncached.
*/
void RasterizerMarkRegionCached(VAddr vaddr, u64 size, bool cached);
private:
Core::System& system;
struct Impl;
std::unique_ptr<Impl> impl;
};
/// Determines if the given VAddr is a kernel address
bool IsKernelVirtualAddress(VAddr vaddr);
} // namespace Core::Memory
